Thrombosis is a clot that forms inside the blood vessel, usually in the veins of the legs. Those who suffer from it tend to be prone to altered blood clotting processes or altered blood vessels.
Each trimester of pregnancy, as well as childbirth and postpartum, may carry a risk of inflammation of the superficial veins of the lower extremities (superficial thrombophlebitis), or of blood clots forming in the deep veins (deep vein thrombosis ).
These clots can break free and reach the lungs, where they obstruct blood flow and cause a pulmonary embolism. These processes can be a serious complication.
Although there are no precise data, it is estimated that one or two pregnant women in every thousand suffer from it. Gestation increases the risk of thrombosis between three and six times compared to the situation of non-pregnancy, while the risk of thrombosis may be four times higher in the six weeks following delivery.
Symptoms of thrombosis in pregnancy
The usual thing is that during pregnancy there is edema or swelling due to excess fluid in tissues, especially in the legs, without any repercussion.
However, excessive inflammation, reddening of the limb or pain in the thigh and calf may warn of the existence of a venous thrombosis.
Similarly, a picture of respiratory distress or chest pain may indicate a pulmonary embolism that requires an examination by the specialist.
Risk factors for thrombosis in pregnancy
During pregnancy and childbirth various factors can contribute to increase the risk of clot formation in the veins:
- Pressure induced by fetal growth on veins
- Hormonal changes
- Acquired or congenital blood clotting disorders
- Physical inactivity
- Weight gain
- Cesarean section (or other type of surgery)
Prevent thrombosis during pregnancy
Taking frequent walks and raising the limbs is the best way to prevent venous thrombosis, particularly if the woman remains sitting for a long time or in case of prolonged rest.
If a prolonged immobilization is expected in bed (more than three days) or before a prolonged plane trip (more than five hours) you should contact your specialist.
There are some drugs for prevent and treat thrombosis during pregnancy, which must be prescribed by the doctor in case he considers it necessary.
